Construction and types of diamond files

Electrochemical diamond coating

Diamond files are made by applying a layer of diamond to a steel core using an electrometallurgical process. Diamonds form a sharp, very hard layer that enables:

• cutting and grinding hardened steel (> HRC 60)
• machining ceramics, glass and precious stones
• precise smoothing of moulds and dies in the plastics industry

File shapes

Diamond files come in typical shapes:

Shape	Application
Flat	smoothing large surfaces
Semicircular	channels, grooves, internal curves
Round	widening holes, engraving
Triangular	blades, internal edges
Conical	moulds, dies, hard-to-reach places

Grit size

• 120–220 ct (coarse) – rapid material removal, preliminary shaping
• 400–600 ct – finishing grinding, precise fitting of details
• 800–1200 ct (fine) – polishing, achieving a smooth, mirror-like surface

Applications of diamond files

Mould and die industry

• Correction and finishing of hardened steel injection mould profiles
• Removing burrs inside cooling channels

Jewellery and stonework

• Shaping and smoothing jewellery elements made of precious stones: quartz, sapphire, ruby
• Precise cutting and chamfering of the edges of wedding rings and rings

Precision mechanics and electronics

• Holes and sockets in watch and measuring instrument components
• Grinding electrodes, electrical contacts and connectors

Machining ceramics and glass

• Finishing holes in technical ceramics and porcelain
• Precision engraving and decorating glass

Criteria for selecting a diamond file

Choice of shape and gradation

• Large surfaces → flat file, 120–220 ct
  
  
• Narrow channels → semi-circular or triangular, 400–600 ct
  
  
• Polishing → fine 800–1200 ct
  
  

Mounting system

• 3 mm or 5 mm steel shank – compatible with handpieces
• Versions with ergonomic handle – for comfort during prolonged use
  
  

Resistance and maintenance

• The diamond is wear-resistant, but the steel core may corrode – after use, clean the file and apply a light oil
  
  
• Store in a dry case to protect the diamond layer from damage
  
  

Practical working tips

• Even pressure: avoid excessive pressure – the diamond cuts the material by itself.
  
  
• Multi-directional movement: diamond files cut in any direction – take advantage of this for complex shapes.
  
  
• Cleaning: use a steel brush after each use to remove material particles from the diamond.
  
  
• Cooling: when working with ceramics or metal, use a small amount of water or emulsion to lower the temperature and extend the life of the file.
  
  

Where to buy?

Diamond files are available from Oberon.com.pl, a shop specialising in professional precision tools. There you will find a full range of shapes, grades and mounting accessories. Take advantage of expert advice and attractive prices to choose the file that perfectly suits your needs!